![Picture](/uploads/1/1/6/4/11645333/7477915.png)
f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinatedenzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple
carbohydrates.
Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each
of the following:
1. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing
free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate,
and resulting in the production of pyruvate.
2. Pyruvate is transported from the cytoplasm to the
mitochondrion, where further oxidation occurs. [See also
4.A.2]
3. In the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is released from organic
intermediates ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic
phosphate via substrate level phosphorylation and electrons are
captured by coenzymes.
4. Electrons that are extracted in the series of Krebs cycle
reactions are carried by NADH and FADH2 to the electron
transport chain.
✘✘ Memorization of the steps in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, or
of the structures of the molecules and the names of the enzymes
involved, are beyond the scope of the course and the AP Exam.
g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a
series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient
across membranes.
Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each
of the following:
1. Electron transport chain reactions occur in chloroplasts
(photosynthesis), mitochondria (cellular respiration) and
prokaryotic plasma membranes.
2. In cellular respiration, electrons delivered by NADH and
FADH2 are passed to a series of electron acceptors as they
move toward the terminal electron acceptor, oxygen. In
photosynthesis, the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+.
3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a
proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or
the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s)
separating a region of high proton concentration from a region
of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the passage of
electrons is accompanied by the outward movement of protons
across the plasma membrane.The flow of protons back through membrane-bound ATP
synthase by chemiosmosis generates ATP from ADP and
inorganic phosphate.
5. In cellular respiration, decoupling oxidative phosphorylation
from electron transport is involved in thermoregulation.
✘✘ The names of the specific electron carriers in the ETC are beyond
the scope of the course and the AP Exam.
h. Free energy becomes available for metabolism by the conversion of
ATP→ADP, which is coupled to many steps in metabolic pathways.
Learning Objectives:
LO 2.4 The student is able to use representations to pose scientific
questions about what mechanisms and structural features allow
organisms to capture, store and use free energy. [See SP 1.4, 3.1]
LO 2.5 The student is able to construct explanations of the
mechanisms and structural features of cells that allow organisms to
capture, store or use free energy. [See SP 6.2]
carbohydrates.
Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each
of the following:
1. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing
free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate,
and resulting in the production of pyruvate.
2. Pyruvate is transported from the cytoplasm to the
mitochondrion, where further oxidation occurs. [See also
4.A.2]
3. In the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is released from organic
intermediates ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic
phosphate via substrate level phosphorylation and electrons are
captured by coenzymes.
4. Electrons that are extracted in the series of Krebs cycle
reactions are carried by NADH and FADH2 to the electron
transport chain.
✘✘ Memorization of the steps in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, or
of the structures of the molecules and the names of the enzymes
involved, are beyond the scope of the course and the AP Exam.
g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a
series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient
across membranes.
Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each
of the following:
1. Electron transport chain reactions occur in chloroplasts
(photosynthesis), mitochondria (cellular respiration) and
prokaryotic plasma membranes.
2. In cellular respiration, electrons delivered by NADH and
FADH2 are passed to a series of electron acceptors as they
move toward the terminal electron acceptor, oxygen. In
photosynthesis, the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+.
3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a
proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or
the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s)
separating a region of high proton concentration from a region
of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the passage of
electrons is accompanied by the outward movement of protons
across the plasma membrane.The flow of protons back through membrane-bound ATP
synthase by chemiosmosis generates ATP from ADP and
inorganic phosphate.
5. In cellular respiration, decoupling oxidative phosphorylation
from electron transport is involved in thermoregulation.
✘✘ The names of the specific electron carriers in the ETC are beyond
the scope of the course and the AP Exam.
h. Free energy becomes available for metabolism by the conversion of
ATP→ADP, which is coupled to many steps in metabolic pathways.
Learning Objectives:
LO 2.4 The student is able to use representations to pose scientific
questions about what mechanisms and structural features allow
organisms to capture, store and use free energy. [See SP 1.4, 3.1]
LO 2.5 The student is able to construct explanations of the
mechanisms and structural features of cells that allow organisms to
capture, store or use free energy. [See SP 6.2]
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/6/4/11645333/9670618.jpg)
Cellular respiration- notes
Pre-note activity:
access the following spreadsheet using the Google Doc link below- identify three things that you think you know about cellular respiration and three things that you would like to know or do not understand about cellular respiration.
FUqbo8gkJdEU0WUhRendnU01BdVBFcTdWWmo3akE&usp=sharing
Cellular respiration notes attached below w/ video
Pre-note activity:
access the following spreadsheet using the Google Doc link below- identify three things that you think you know about cellular respiration and three things that you would like to know or do not understand about cellular respiration.
FUqbo8gkJdEU0WUhRendnU01BdVBFcTdWWmo3akE&usp=sharing
Cellular respiration notes attached below w/ video
![](http://www.weebly.com/weebly/images/file_icons/xls.png)
_07_lecture_presentation_pc.ppt |
![](http://www.weebly.com/weebly/images/file_icons/mpg.png)
cellularrespiration.mpg |
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/6/4/11645333/5465471.jpg)
Cellular respiration investigation- page 71- Student lab manual
Background-
Investigation 1- pg. 73
Answer 1-6
Go over respirometer design.
Data collection-analysis - Thursday- (Analyzing results- page 80 1-4)
Go over initial investigation (temp)
Develop PLF- due by Thursday
Think about a design you and your group would like to investigate-read page 81 for ideas. (20-30 minutes to work on in class) PLF due on Friday
Background-
Investigation 1- pg. 73
Answer 1-6
Go over respirometer design.
- control for investigation?
Data collection-analysis - Thursday- (Analyzing results- page 80 1-4)
Go over initial investigation (temp)
Develop PLF- due by Thursday
Think about a design you and your group would like to investigate-read page 81 for ideas. (20-30 minutes to work on in class) PLF due on Friday